MADE IN THE SHADE: 12 FAST-GROWING SHADE TREES FOR YOUR YARD
Good trees do a lot more than offer shade. They act as miniature ecosystems while defining areas of the landscape, and they also provide the benefits of cleaner air. Being in the presence of tall trees has positive psychological benefits, and there are few better gifts to future generations than a mature shade provider.
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
Be mindful of areas in the yard that are especially wet or are near a septic or other utility line. Some trees are voracious consumers of water – great for drying up a wet spot, but eventual doom for a septic system!
If you’re in the US, remember to always call ‘811’ before any project involving digging. They can help you pinpoint the areas you should notdig in.
SOIL DRAINAGE AND WET SPOTS
Soil conditions can make or break a new planting. If the soil is too wet or poorly drained (I’m looking at you, clay!) it will only exacerbate conditions leading to root rot.
At the very least, amend the soil during planting with something that promotes drainage, like compost or gypsum to break up the clay.
FAST GROWERS CAN ALSO BE MESSY, OR AGGRESSIVE GROWERS
As great as a fast-growing tree is to the gardener, it can also problematic.
A few produce prolific seedlings (paulownia is one example), while others capitalize on taking up as much space as possible (like weeping willow).
BALL AND BURLAP
Ah, the affectionately titled “B ‘n B.” These trees tend to be the largest available for planting from a nursery.
It’s not unusual to find a 14-foot-tall tree weighed down by a six-hundred-pound rootball wrapped in burlap and a wire cage. These trees are incredibly taxing to plant, but they offer immediate gratification in their size.
PLASTIC POTS
The nursery standard for trees. These plants are available in sizes ranging from a one-gallon pot up to about a fifty-gallon pot. Large, established, and relatively easily portable, potted trees are the most common option when purchasing a new landscape tree.
BARE ROOT
The easiest solution for planting a large tree is a bare root tree. Available from certain garden centers and via direct shipping, bare root trees are the lightest option available. They help encourage a tree to develop a strong, healthy root structure.
And now, the moment you’ve been waiting for…
THE CONTESTANTS FOR “FAST-GROWING SHADE TREE IN MY YARD”
1. RIVER OR PAPER BIRCH
They grow best in clumps of several trees and can be used as ornaments by themselves, but function optimally as part of a woodland garden.
The river birch can reach mature heights of 40’-70’ with a 30’-60’ spread. The paper birch offers a mature height of 50’-70’ with a 35’ spread.
Birch trees grow in clumps, with older “trees” dying and then being replaced by young ones.
USDA PLANT HARDINESS ZONES
River birch: 4-9
Paper birch: 2-7
GROWTH PER YEAR
Both river and paper birch grow at a rate of approximately 13” to 24”
NOTES
Be wary of planting this fast-grower too close to the house or power lines. The catkins that fall from the tree in springtime can damage the paint on cars if allowed to mass up.
They both prefer well-drained soil but can tolerate drought; the river birch is the most resistant birch to the birch borer, a pest that can destroy birch trees.
Yellowing leaves during the summer are an early indicator of birch borer, and these branches must be immediately removed. Use a copper fungicidal spray on young trees to prevent leaf mildew and other topical problems.
2. TULIP POPLAR (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Tulip poplars are some of the tallest trees in the eastern United States. The tallest known specimens stands at 191 feet!
They also stand proudly in any landscape, offering shade and towering authority. These trees do their best in full sun where they are allowed to spread out and grow freely.
USDA ZONES
4-9
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
Their seedlings can sprout up around your lawn and around property lines, and probably in your neighbor’s yard, and their neighbor’s, and then their neighbor’s too! Tulip poplars produce a mass of debris from flowers and branches to shed leaves. Watch for yellowing leaves in the summer, a sign of dehydration and then weakening of wood.
The limbs on old trees are prone to breaking because the wood is soft. Parasitic wasps are beneficial for controlling the pests that bother these trees. They are also less tolerant of pollution than other trees on this list.
3. DAWN REDWOOD
The famous dawn redwood was discovered in a valley in China; previously, it was believed to be extinct since the age of the dinosaurs. These trees can quickly reach towering heights and offer a perfect pyramidal shape. The bark is a beautiful color and offers a gnarled appearance, while foliage is a luscious green.
Dawn redwoods require almost no maintenance, and they offer a fairly unique feature in that they lose their needles each winter. They reach anywhere between 70’ and 100’ in height, and typically provide a 25’ spread.
Dawn redwoods look great when grown in a line, or as singular specimens.
USDA ZONES
5-8
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
Dawn redwoods can grow in wet areas, but prefer moist rather than soaked conditions.
They will tolerate pollution, but require full sun and lots of space to grow.
Dawn redwoods are highly resistant to pests and diseases, and are only seriously affected by canker infections. The only method of care for this infection is to remove the yellowing and dying back branches by pruning into healthy wood below the spread of the canker.
4. BALD CYPRESS (Taxodium distichum)
The bald cypress is synonymous with visions of the swamps in the deep south where its gnarled “knees” inch above the surface of the water.
Luckily, it is an adaptable tree readily purchased and can grow in many areas of the United States.
Like the dawn redwood, the bald cypress loses its needles in the winter and flushes new growth in the spring. The bald cypress tolerates most conditions, but quickly adapts to wet areas and is a perfect candidate for that low point in your yard.
Reaches heights of 50’ to 70’ with a spread of 25’.
USDA ZONES
4-10
GROWTH PER YEAR
13” to 24”
NOTES
Wildlife has a love affair with the tiny cones and prolific branching of the bald cypress.
Prefers full sun. Although the bald cypress is highly resistant to pests and diseases, the few that do tend to bother it are easily controlled by a good watering regimen. Most pests cause minimal damage.
5. WEEPING WILLOW (Salix babylonica)
Weeping willows thrive in a more narrow growing zone than the other trees in this guide, but are an excellent choice for shade. Capable of growing in full or partial sun, the weeping willow reaches a height of approximately 35’, and offers a massive 35’ spread that effectively blocks out all sunlight.
These trees will tolerate a variety of conditions, but this is another perfect example for low-lying areas in particular, especially wet ones.
USDA ZONES
6-8
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
Weeping willows can produce a ton of debris every year. Their leaves blanket the ground and broken branches require frequent maintenance. Willows require consistent cleaning up to remove the ground of dead branches that prevent fungal problems in the future.
Early structural pruning is vital to ensuring these trees do not become a massive tangle of branches, but if you have room to let a tree grow and do whatever it wants, this is the plant for you. However, the willow is susceptible to a disease called crown gall.
The crown gall itself negatively impacts the plant, but it also works as a pathway for other problems later on in the tree’s life.
If your plant develops crown gall, the only effective method of control is to remove the tree and wait a full two years before replanting another willow.
6. PECAN (Carya illinoinensis)
Pecan trees are no stranger to Texas, where it is the state tree. Offering delicious nuts and an incredible height and spread – 70’-100’ tall and 40’-70’ wide – few trees offer as many benefits as the pecan.
Plant this tree if you have room for 3 or 4 total trees, in order to guarantee pollination and a crop of tasty pecans. Tolerates a variety of soil types.
USDA ZONES
6-9
GROWTH PER YEAR
13” to 24”
NOTES
The biggest downside to pecan trees is that they grow a large taproot, making it difficult to transplant except when they are very young and small.They can produce over 100 pounds of nuts a year.
7. PAULOWNIA (Paulownia tomentosa)
The leaves on young trees are massive, and in the fall the leaves drop straight from the tree without changing color.
USDA ZONES
6-9
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
Despite being beautiful, paulownia is also plagued by weak and brittle wood, roots that pop through the surface of the soil, and a weakness to cold snaps in the spring.They are also a very vigorous seeder; check locally to see if the paulownia is considered an invasive species in your area.
If paulownia has a more specific or pressing issue, it is that it is a voracious grower and will seed far and beyond your intended planting area.
8. SOUTHERN LIVE OAK (Quercus virginiana)
The adaptable and stately southern live oak is proof positive as to why oak trees are considered kings of the forest. Although it is fast growing, oak trees tend to be most successful when planted from nursery stock.
Their willingness to adapt to almost any soil condition makes them favored ornamentals in many areas, and their resistance to pollution makes them ideal street trees. Add to that an incredible wind resistance, and the southern live oak makes for an ideal planting.
Reaches 50’ to 80’ tall, with a massive 60’ to 100’ spread.
USDA ZONES
7-10
GROWTH PER YEAR
13” to 24”
NOTES
The live oak is resistant to hurricanes and the big storms that tend to rage across the southeast, but it is less resistant to freezing temperatures. Growing a live oak on the northern limits of its range could be courting trouble.
It is also a habitat for other plants including Spanish moss, an image ubiquitous with the south. If planted near a curb or sidewalk, the roots of the live oak will seem to “melt” over the stones; this is called thigmotropism and is an interesting feature of the live oak.
9. AMERICAN SYCAMORE (Platanus occidentalis)
Ah, the American sycamore. Growing a total of 75’ to 100’ tall with an equally-sized spread, the sycamore is an excellent shade tree. Save yourself the trouble of growing from seed and purchase a tree already standing a few feet tall.
It’s a particularly handsome tree with mottled bark and a strong, upright growth habit. It tolerates a variety of conditions but grows well in wet areas where it has room to spread out and do its thing.
USDA ZONES
4-9
GROWTH PER YEAR
13” to 24”
NOTES
Requires a significant investment in maintenance and cleaning because of the bark and branch debris it sheds.
Like the weeping willow, if there’s a place available in your yard to let a tree go wild, this is an excellent candidate. Leaf and twig blight is a concern for sycamores but it can be controlled with adequate watering and fertilizing. Most diseases and pests can be controlled with selective pruning of affected areas.
10. QUAKING ASPEN (Populus tremuloides)
Among the oldest and largest organisms on the planet, the quaking aspen is an excellent choice for a shade tree – if you have the room for it.
It prefers moist soil, and shoots out suckers that will eventually grow into full-sized trees. This colony of trees can be a blessing if you have enough space for the trees to grow, but can be problematic if planting in a more controlled area.
The tree earns its name from the unequivocally soothing sound of its leaves fluttering en masse in the slightest of breezes. It grows to reach heights between 30’ and 50’ and gains a mature spread of 20’ to 30’.
Remember that this tree grows in its own colony, and can form an effective, impenetrable shade screen when allowed to go wild.
USDA ZONES
1-7
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
With stunning yellow foliage in the fall, it requires a massive cleanup. Again, the quaking aspen is not a tree to grow in a controlled area. When grown outside of its natural northern ranges, the aspen can be impacted by heat stresses and fungal problems.
This tree is also a magnet for wildlife. Unfortunately, this wildlife can come in the form of pests such as aspen borers and tent caterpillars.
Borers can invite future fungal problems, and tent caterpillars cause branch die-off. Both can be minimized with proper watering and fertilizing, and insecticidal treatments.
11. EASTERN WHITE PINE (PINUS Strobus)
A personal favorite, the eastern white pine is the ultimate in fast-growing shade tree.
Its long, soft needles are shed from the tree after seven years of growth and offer a natural and easy mulch underneath the area of the tree.
It grows anywhere between 40’ and 80’ tall with a spread of 20’ to 40’ and tolerates almost any soil condition, although it prefers to be in a moist environment.
When planted together in a line, white pines act as both a wind buffer and a wall of shade. A line of white pine and a chunk of quaking aspen make for a well-protected property, if you have the room for them to grow.
USDA ZONES
3-8
GROWTH PER YEAR
24” or more
NOTES
Truly a wild tree, the white pine does not do well in areas of pollution. Grow it away from streets where it could be impacted by soil compaction and road salts.
Older trees can become knotty and gnarled, with weak branches prone to sudden breaking.
White pines are notably susceptible to pine weevils and rust. The most effective method of control is to maintain the health of a vigorous tree. In the case of rust and cankers, prune infected areas before the infection reaches the trunk of the tree.
White pines are home to a variety of animals and birds.
12. CHILEAN MESQUITE
It can be difficult to find a fast-growing shade tree that does well in some of the hotter climates. The mesquite offers some rather dense protection from searing sun, and it thrives in the hot and dry climate of the American southwest.
It is often seen on patios and along sidewalks, as it is one of the few plants that provides shade while growing in intense desert heat. Its foliage is semi-evergreen and its fruit pods are interesting to observers.
Your best bet is to check your local nursery or garden center for these trees and plant them in the springtime.
USDA ZONES
8-11
GROWTH PER YEAR
Up to 12”
NOTES
This guy can put out a lot of leaf debris, so be sure to keep a safe distance from pools and other easily-clogged areas of the landscape when planting. Mesquite does well when planted in groups, but it can make do as a specimen tree, too.
ENJOY THE SHADE, FRIENDS
Once you’ve made your selection, it’s time to get to planting! Before you know it, it will be time to bust out the lawn chairs and appreciate that break from the sun provided by the new addition to your landscape.
f you’ve planted with the goal of cooling your home, you may need to wait a few years to see the difference, but it’ll be that much more sweet when you get there.
Do you have other suggestions for shade trees to include in the landscape? Leave us a comment!
DISCLAIMER : i don’t own the sources, just the editing only
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